Influenza is a viral infection that affects global health and economy with its endemic and sometimes pandemic spread. Rapid detection of Influenza viruses enables antiviral use and can bring financial savings. It is also essential for the global surveillance of prevalent Influenza strains. RT-PCR is considered the most specific and sensitive method for detection of Influenza, but Influenza mutates at a high rate and it is therefore crucial that RT-PCR methods are updated regularly.In 2014, Cepheid released their Xpert Flu/RSV XC assay, which can detect Influenza A and B and RSV by multiplex RT-PCR in approximately one hour. The aim of this study was to evaluate this assay at Laboratoriemedicin Västernorrland by using the laboratory?s previous PCR assay for detection of Influenza viruses as reference method.Real-time RT-PCR was used to compare Xpert Flu/RSV XC to the reference method.

Background: Infectious Diseases Institute points out that the potential of various viraldiseases possibly can block each other. It is said that the virus that causes common cold,Rhinovirus, may have saved many people from the flu. If this assumption proves true, itwould explain why some viral diseases in some countries have been slow to take off and pointto a new way to struggle influenza. Objective: The main purpose of this study, based onreported cases of RSV and influenza type A, type B and H1N1, investigate whether viraldiseases can block each other, i.e. difficult season of flu may delay and / or mitigate thespread of RSV in Sweden.

Purpose: The purpose with this study is to analyze if the Swedish authorities and media had different ways of discussing The new influenza, in connection with the pandemic classification June 11, 2009. This is the first time an influenza has been classified as a pandemic since the Hongkong-influenza in1968. Methodology: The method used for the study is discourse analysis, aqualitative method that gives the opportunity to study not only what is said, but how things are said. In this thesis, the aim is to study how the image ofThe new influenza is transmitted via the texts. The texts have been analysed based on:- General and underlying themes- Words and concepts used- Persons/sources quoted or referred to- Historical connections/historical backgroundTheoretical perspectives: The study is based on theories about socialconstructionism and discourse analysis.

Media has the power to influences society. Some call them the third power of a state. Through amongst others, the agenda setting theory and the framing theory, this report seeks to understand how media describes the swine influenza and how it uses its power to influence people to vaccinate. As this report will show, there is no doubt that media has had an impact on the Swedish population of which 60 per cent followed through with the vaccination. Media used an information discourse and attempted to present its articles in an impartial manner and used governmental authorities and experts to support its arguments.

Media has the power to influences society. Some call them the third power of a state. Through amongst others, the agenda setting theory and the framing theory, this report seeks to understand how media describes the swine influenza and how it uses its power to influence people to vaccinate. As this report will show, there is no doubt that media has had an impact on the Swedish population of which 60 per cent followed through with the vaccination. Media used an information discourse and attempted to present its articles in an impartial manner and used governmental authorities and experts to support its arguments.

In the spring of 2006 we had our first outbreak of avian influenza of highly pathogenic H5N1 (HPAI) among wild birds in Sweden. This disease have impact on poultry industries world wide. Sporadically the virus infects other species than birds and we now know it can even cause fatal infection of humans. There are not yet any confirmed cases of transmission of the disease between humans though a suspected case in an Indonesian family is under investigation. If a mutation occurs that changes the pathogenicity and host affinity to humans we are at a risk of a new pandemia, perhaps like the Spanish flu in 1918-1920.

Bakgrund: I Sverige drabbas vuxna av i genomsnitt en till två förkylningar per år och barnminst dubbelt så ofta. Totalt betalade Försäkringskassan ut 4 656 667 vab-dagar (vård avbarn) under år 2010. Probiotiska bakterier i tarmen konkurrerar med sjukdomsframkallandeorganismer och reducerar dess förekomst i tarmfloran. Om probiotika kan användas för attminska eller åtminstone förkorta sjukdomstiden skulle det vara en enkel metod till en relativtlåg kostnad vilket sparar tid, pengar och lidande för alla parter.Syfte: Syftet med denna systematiska översiktsartikel var att undersöka huruvida ett dagligtintag av probiotika skulle kunna skydda mot eller lindra förkylning, feber ochinfluensasymtom.Sökväg: Litteratursökning i databaserna PubMed och Scopus har genomförts. Sökord somanvändes i olika kombinationer var: probiotics, effect, common cold, fever, flu, influenza,respiratory diseases, lactobacillus och bifidus.Urvalskriterier: Inklusionskriterier vid litteratursökningen var humanstudier i RCT-form därinterventionen varit dagligt bruk av probiotika.

Icelandic horses are becomming increasingly common in Sweden. The owners of Icelandic horses in Sweden usually believe their horses to be different from other breeds. Icelandic horses are predominantly considered to be less reactive, less neophobic and easier to handle than other breeds. Swedish owners of Icelandic horses also usually try to house and handle their horses in a way similar to the traditional extensive Icelandic way. There are no scientific studies of breed differences between Icelandic horses and other breeds, or of the housing of Swedish Icelandic horses.

I april 2009 upptäcktes en ny typ av influensa som senare fick namnet A(H1N1). Influensan A(H1N1) innebar en internationell kris och krävde särskilda krishanteringsåtgärder. I Sverige innebar detta att den största nationella massvaccineringen i modern tid genomfördes under hösten 2009 till och med början av 2010. Hanteringen ställde myndigheter, landsting och ansvariga individer inför en rad utmaningar, inte minst gällande planering och kommunikation. Syftet med studien var att studera erfarenheter av och planering inför kriskommunikation vid en pandemi utifrån erfarenheter och uppfattningar hos ansvariga aktörer inom ett landsting.